What is gastric sleeve operation?
Gastric sleeve surgery is a type of surgery to shrink the stomach. In this procedure, approximately 70 to 80 percent of the stomach volume is removed in people who are severely overweight or obese. In other words, after this operation, only 20 to 30% of the original stomach remains in the abdominal cavity.
What is the purpose of sleeve surgery?
In general, we pursue 2 goals by performing weight loss surgery Reducing stomach volume and food intake Or reducing the amount of food absorption by bypassing the digestive tract by removing part of it The result of both of the above cases will ultimately be weight loss. What we are looking for in gastric sleeve surgery is weight loss by reducing the volume of the stomach. That is, we make the patient get less food and by eating a small amount of food, he gets full quickly and automatically stops eating.
What is the amount of weight loss after gastric sleeve surgery?
Weight loss after gastric sleeve surgery is expected to be between 50 and 70%. But we have patients who have lost up to 80% (and more) of their total excess weight. Almost no other method (with or without surgery) can safely lose this much weight.
So what are the other health benefits of gastric sleeve surgery?
- Reduces appetite and feeling of hunger by reducing the secretion of ghrelin hormone (hunger hormone)
- Because it is done by laparoscopy, it is associated with minimal invasion and complications
- Does not involve people in rigid dietary restrictions
- It is associated with minimal scarring
- Brings the shortest recovery period
- Brings the fastest and healthiest weight loss process
- Almost cures diseases related to obesity Obviously, not everyone can perform this surgery and must meet certain conditions.
The most important conditions for gastric sleeve surgery are:
- Having a body mass index equal to or above 40
- Having a body mass index above 35 on the condition of suffering from severe diseases related to obesity
- Having good general health
- Failure to lose weight by trying other weight loss methods
How and during what stages is the sleeve done?
This operation may seem a bit complicated but it won’t take much time for you because you just need to find a sleeve surgeon and get slim and healthy in a short period of time. For this purpose, you will go through the following simple steps. Before the operation: necessary preparations for the day of the operation and the days after it The days before the stomach reduction operation are important for the patient and the surgeon, but what is the reason for the importance of the days before the sleeve operation?
What does it matter what happens before the operation?
The reason is clear, because we have to prepare for the day of the operation and after it, and more importantly, we have to go under the knife without any problems, because if we are not ready to shrink the stomach with slimming surgery, we may face complicated and unforeseen conditions. become Therefore, it is necessary to consider these measures:
- Some tests should be done
- Follow a proper diet
- Avoid smoking and tobacco
- Avoid alcohol consumption
- Stop taking some medications (such as aspirin or your thinners)
- Take some prescribed medications
Psychological counseling should be done What are the steps of the sleeve operation?
The operation is performed under general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery. This method is the safest and least complicated surgical method and is completely different from open stomach surgery. The steps of the gastric sleeve operation in summary are:
- Anesthesia Making several very small incisions of 1 to 2 cm on the surface of the abdomen
- Expanding the abdomen for the entry of laparoscopic instruments
- Entering the laparoscope camera to see the surgical team and observe the operation site
- Insertion of other thin and delicate surgical instruments into the abdomen
- Cutting the stomach and removing it
- Stapling of the remaining stomach
- Checking the stomach for leakage and exit of material from the staple line
- Removing devices and suturing incisions
All these steps are done in less than 2 hours. That is, the duration of gastric sleeve operation is less than 2 hours, and more precisely, it is between 30 minutes and finally 2 hours in complicated conditions. Necessary care during the recovery period Under normal conditions, the operation will not last more than 40 minutes. After the surgery is completed, the patient is transferred to the recovery room in the operating room. In this room, all vital signs of the patient are checked and after he is fully awake, he is referred to the ward. Usually, the hospitals where the gastric sleeve operation is performed are fully equipped and modern, and the special care room is equipped with the necessary equipment for sleeve patients. Therefore, the patient is transferred to this room and is hospitalized for one night under special care. After 1 night of hospitalization, the patient is discharged and goes home. Immediately after going home there are instructions to follow. For example, the patient should follow the diet recommended by the surgeon for up to 1 month in order to achieve a faster recovery.
What are the side effects of gastric sleeve? (Are there side effects?)
Any surgery, whether invasive or not, has a series of possible complications. This means that one or more complications may or may not occur for the patient. Gastric sleeve surgery is the same and along with all the benefits it has, it may have a number of possible complications.
hair loss Possibility of wound infection (rare)
Possibility of bleeding Occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, which is known as dumping syndrome (limited).
It is the agency of all human beings from one person to another. In most cases, during transplantation, there is no need to remove the person’s original kidneys, and the transplanted kidney is implanted in a different place. A successful transplant can prolong the recipient’s life and greatly improve the quality of life of this person. The patient gets rid of the limitations of dialysis and the reversible manifestations of uremia (increased blood urea and creatinine)
How is the living donor evaluated and selected?
First, the finishers are examined psychologically and then blood type. It should be mentioned that ABO incompatibility is important for blood group and causes transplant rejection. But RH incompatibility, or blood group positivity or negativity, is not important. Relative donors should be carefully examined in terms of hereditary kidney diseases. The last step is the examination of imaging methods. Usually, the left kidney is chosen for transplantation due to its longer vein length. The final immunological test for the donor is the lymphocyte cross match test.
The operation of the donor
can be open or laparoscopic. In the open method, a small incision is made on the side, then the removed kidney is placed on ice, and after transfer to the patient’s bed, the transplant operation begins. As can be seen in the picture below, during transplant kidney transplantation in the recipient, first an oblique incision is made in the lower part of the abdomen, and then the artery, vein, and ureter of the transplanted kidney are anastomosed.
Kidney transplant rejection symptoms
Usually, graft rejection shows itself as one of the following symptoms.
- Stiffening of the transplanted kidney
- Fever
- Body swelling
- Weight Gain
- Increased blood pressure
- Decreased urination
- Increased blood creatinine
If transplant rejection occurs in the early days after transplantation, the transplanted kidney is removed, but if the rejection occurs chronically (Chronic Rejection), there is no need to remove the transplanted kidney unless the transplanted kidney becomes infected and the person Have fever and chills.
Care after kidney transplant
It should be noted that at least 6 to 8 weeks after the kidney transplant surgery, do not allow the patient to lift heavy objects or engage in vigorous physical activity. For 2 to 3 months after surgery, the patient should not lift an object heavier than 9 kg, and for at least 4 to 6 months after surgery, he should not lift an object heavier than 18 kg. It is safe to start sexual relations 1 month after transplantation, but it is forbidden for women to become pregnant up to 1 year after transplantation. Also, due to the possibility of transplanted drugs being transferred through breast milk, breastfeeding is also prohibited. Avoid wearing tight belts Immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce the chance of rejection of the transplant in the recipient, and as a result, the chance of infection and some types of malignancy increases in that person. To prevent infection, environmental hygiene and personal hygiene are very important. It is also very important to wash your hands frequently to prevent possible infections. In transplanted women, it is recommended to perform regular pap smear for timely diagnosis of cervical cancer.
See a doctor immediately
Patients who have undergone a kidney transplant should pay attention to see a doctor if the following symptoms occur:
- If the patient has a fever of 37.3 degrees Celsius or higher.
- If he has flu-like symptoms.
- New pain has started around the graft site.
- There has been a sudden weight gain or 1 kg has been added to his weight within 24 hours.
- Accumulation of fluids in the body or edema.
- The amount of urine excretion is clearly reduced.
What is a bone marrow transplant and how is it done?
Maybe the name of bone marrow transplant is familiar to you and undoubtedly reminds you of cancer and incurable diseases. The method of stem cell transplantation or bone marrow transplantation is one of the methods of cancer treatment that has brought beneficial effects in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. This treatment technique has also been used for multiple myeloma and neuroblastoma and is being investigated as a treatment for other cancers as well.
Applications of bone marrow transplantation
Bone marrow transplantation is usually performed in cancer patients who have undergone chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The purpose of using and transplanting stem cells is that the body can regenerate and create healthy cells and bone marrow after the end of chemotherapy. As you know, high doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, while they have a positive effect in destroying cancer cells, are associated with unwanted side effects, and the biggest damage caused by chemotherapy is the destruction of bone marrow cells. Blood cells are made and multiplied in the bone marrow.
At the end of the chemotherapy and radiation therapy prescribed by the oncologist, it is necessary to perform a bone marrow transplant, after the transplant process, the bone marrow begins to produce new blood cells. In some cases, grafting can have an added advantage; The new blood cells attack and destroy the cancer cells that survived the initial treatment. This is why this method has significant success in treating cancers.
What are stem cells?
When you hear stem cells, you may think of fetal cells that are usually mentioned in the media and think that these cells may be obtained from the umbilical cord of a baby or fetus. But these stem cells that are used in cancer treatments have a difference and are actually hematopoietic cells that play the role of a therapist for cancer cells and replace them.
For which people is a stem cell or bone marrow transplant suitable?
The use of bone graft technique is not suitable for all people and in all cancers, and it is selected by the best genetics laboratory in Tehran according to the individual’s conditions and considering the extent of the disease they are suffering from. Considering the seriousness of the risks of stem cell transplantation, it is not easy to decide on the use of this method for cancer treatment. Oncologists should take into account the general physical condition, genetic diagnosis of the cancer, the stage of the disease and the treatments that have been done before. You will need to take several tests to ensure you are healthy enough to perform this procedure. You should also be sure to be aware of the potential benefits and risks of stem cell transplantation.
Keep in mind that stem cell transplants are only effective in treating certain cancers
Where are transplanted stem cells taken from?
Transplanted stem cells—whether derived from peripheral blood cells or bone marrow—can be harvested from two places: your own body or that of a matched donor.
Autologous transplants include stem cells that have been taken from a person’s body before chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Stem cells are frozen and re-injected into the body after treatment.
Allogeneic transplants involve stem cells taken from another person who has a compatible tissue type. Preferably and most of the time they are siblings
To find out the compatibility of these cells, the blood stem cells of a potential donor are tested in a process called human leukocyte antigen testing (HLA testing). In the very rare cases where the donor is an identical twin—and therefore a perfect match—this transplant is called a “syngeneic transplant.”
Another source of donated stem cells is the blood taken from the umbilical cord or placenta after delivery. Some people prefer to save or donate this blood after the birth of the baby instead of throwing it away. The process of taking blood is not dangerous for the mother or the child. However, because there is little blood in the umbilical cord and placenta, cord blood transplants are generally used for small children or adults.
Stem cells can also be obtained from what is known as a matched unrelated donor (MUD). A person’s bone marrow and tissue typing is matched to an anonymous donor through bone marrow subscription centers to find a compatible donor. If the patient does not have a relative with matching stem cells, doctors will search for bone marrow subscription centers.
What happens during a stem cell transplant?
A few days after completing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, the hematologist and oncologist will order a stem cell transplant. Stem cells harvested either from a donor or from the person’s own body are thawed and injected into a vein through an IV tube. The process is essentially painless. A real stem cell transplant is similar to a blood transfusion. This process will last one to five hours
Aortic valve replacement with the help of a catheter can repair the aortic valve with minimal invasiveness without the need to remove the old and damaged valve.
In this method, a replacement valve is used in place of the aortic valve. This surgery is also called Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implant (TAVI).
The TAVR method, which is somewhat similar to placing a stent in the main artery, can place a healthy valve in the target area with the help of a catheter, so there is no need for open surgery. After the new valve is expanded. , the blades of the valve will be pushed aside and the tissue inside the new valve will take over the task of regulating blood circulation.
1- Entering through the femoral artery (large artery in the groin)
2- A small cut on the chest
Who is a good candidate for aortic valve surgery?
This treatment process is considered to be somewhat new and emerging. The FDA has approved this procedure for people with symptomatic aortic stenosis. These people are at great risk if the standard aortic valve replacement procedure is performed. The differences between these two treatment methods are very significant.
A typical valve replacement procedure usually requires open-heart surgery with a sternotomy, in which the chest is opened to perform the procedure. TAVR or TAVI methods can be performed with the help of very small incisions, and during it, there will be no movement of the bones in the chest area.
Also, this method requires a shorter period of hospitalization (3 to 5 days on average).
How is it done?
TAVR process is done by two different solutions
1- Entering through the femoral artery (large artery in the groin)
This method is called transfemoral, in which there is no need to make a surgical incision in the chest area.
2- A small cut on the chest
In this method, with minimal surgical intervention, a small incision is made in the chest and the valve will be inserted through a large artery in this area. This may happen from the left ventricle, which is called transapical.
Who is a good candidate for aortic valve surgery?
Currently, this treatment process is suitable for those people whose open heart surgery exposes them to moderate risk. For this reason, most of those for whom this method is used are over 70 or 80 years old or people who have other health problems besides this problem.
TAVR can be an effective option to improve the quality of life of patients who have limited options for treating their aortic valve stenosis.
What is arthroplasty and joint replacement?
Arthroplasty or joint replacement refers to a type of surgery in which the movable surfaces of a severely damaged and damaged joint are removed so that the joint can perform its movements with less pain.
Arthroplasty is actually the reconstruction of the joint by replacing the joint surfaces, and when the joint is worn and destroyed, a replacement joint can be used for the patient.
Among the most common reasons that lead to joint replacement are:
- Arthritis or advanced osteoarthritis
- Joint rheumatism such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
- Impact and fracture inside a badly welded joint or a badly displaced dislocation
- Ligament damage has not been properly treated, which has caused instability and subsequent destruction of the joint
- Intra-articular infection
- Soft tissue or bone tumors within the joint
- Types of synovitis, such as complications caused by hemophilia
When is knee joint replacement needed?
When the cartilage of the articular surface of the knee is damaged for various reasons, the bones rub against each other and cause friction, stiffness, pain, and intensification of the destruction of the bone surface, and medical treatments do not work for the patient.
What are the main necessary medical measures before joint replacement?
Depending on the patient’s condition, the attending physician will check all or some of the following items before replacing the joint with the help of the patient.
- Paraclinical actions and radiography of the affected and adjacent joints
- Tests to check anemia, infection, inflammation, blood thinning, blood-borne diseases, determination of blood group, etc.
- Anesthesia, cardiac, internal, infectious, kidney, nerve, etc. consultations depending on the patient’s condition
What are the complications and risks of knee and hip joint replacement and what are the most common ones?
With a good prosthesis and in the hands of a skilled surgeon and with proper post-operative care by the patient, the complications of joint replacement reach three to five percent, and the complications themselves can be treated well if diagnosed in time.
The following are the most common side effects of joint replacement:
Infection, bleeding, blood clots at the operation site, blood clots inside the veins due to long immobility after surgery and special conditions of the patient, pulmonary embolism due to the movement of vascular clots to the lungs, neurological, vascular, muscular complications, relaxation Ligaments, loosening of the joint, skin necrosis, dislocation of the joint, fracture around the joint, sensitivity to prosthesis and blood injection and drugs and other cases.
Post-operative care of knee and hip joint replacement
In addition to the skill of the surgeon and the quality of the prosthesis, post-surgery care also has a great impact on the success of joint replacement surgery.
The most important of these cares are:
- Appropriate dressing carefully for wound secretions
- Bathing with a cover over the dressing
- Removal of surgical stitches at the right time
- Proper nutrition
- Painkillers and anti-swelling drugs
- Anticoagulant medicine and organ massage and anti-thrombosis socks
- Antibiotic medicine
- Starting knee exercises and movements in the hospital
- Training and performing walking according to the opinion of the attending physician 10. Using knee braces, crutches and walkers (after replacing the knee joint) with the opinion of the attending physician until necessary
- Praying on a chair and behind a table
- Do not sit on the ground on two knees or all fours until complete recovery and preferably even after that.
- Using the toilet and removing the possibility of slipping in the toilet, bathroom and home
- Consultation with the attending physician before dental procedures and when any infection occurs in other parts of the body.
- Immediate referral to the attending physician in case of any possibility of infection or other complications
- Physiotherapy after surgery
What is the planning and timing of necessary measures for surgery and activities of patients after joint replacement?
It depends on many variables and the condition of other joints and physical conditions of the patient, but their estimated time is as follows
- Hospitalization period: depending on the availability of tests and consultations and blood, it is from the day of the operation or the night before the operation, to three or four nights after the operation.
- Operation time: Each joint takes about one hour, but one hour before and one hour after the operation, the patient needs preparation and recovery in the operating room.
- Time to walk in the hospital: the next day or two days after the operation, depending on the pain and ability of the patient, with auxiliary devices
- The time to give up the walker and crutches: depending on the patient’s personality and muscle strength, his will and fear, and the conditions of his other joints, it takes from a few days to a few months, the patient with better muscles, less pain and thinner can get rid of the crutch sooner. lays the ground
- Desk work: possible after a few weeks
- Heavy work and light exercise: after a few months
- Driving: about one and a half to two months
- Suture removal: about two to three weeks
- Lameness until muscle weakness is removed with physiotherapy
What is the best time for joint replacement?
When the joint is worn and damaged to such an extent that it is difficult to walk and accompanied by a lot of pain, and even rest and painkillers at the usual level cannot heal the patient’s pain and movement limitation, in this situation, medical treatment does not seem to be sufficient. And the patient’s quality of life is overshadowed.
In these cases, joint replacement treatment is suggested.
Failure to perform surgery in these conditions leads to dysfunction of adjacent joints and axial deviation of organs and more muscle weakness, falls and fractures and subsequent complications, immobility, seclusion, depression, stress, more obesity, diabetes and blood pressure and Movement limitation and loss of quality is progressive and irreversible, and with more patience, the situation does not improve, and the chances of surgery and recovery are reduced, and perhaps the opportunity of this surgery is used to treat the complications of this disease.
Knee joint replacement surgery method:
Knee joint replacement surgery refers to the reconstruction of the articular surface of damaged bones. Depending on the patient’s needs, the surgeon can reconstruct all or part of the damaged surfaces. In total joint replacement, all contact surfaces in the joint
What is rhinoplasty?
Rhinoplasty is one of the types of nose surgery in which the surgeon changes the structure of the cartilage or bone of the nose to correct its appearance. People may do this to make the following changes:
- Change in the size of the nose
- Change in the angle of the nose
- Smoothing the bridge of the nose
- Changing the shape of the tip of the nose
- Change in the size of the nostrils
- Fixing drooping of the tip of the nose
- Correction of protrusions or depressions of the nose
Preparation for rhinoplasty
The nose surgeon must check your records carefully so that you don’t have any problems. For example, the disorder of hemophilia makes the patient’s bleeding not stop, and as a result, people with hemophilia are not a suitable option for this type of surgery.
Each person’s nose and face shape is different from another. During the consultation session, you can express your opinion about the expectations you have for the final appearance of your nose.
Rhinoplasty is completely a matter of taste. As a result, the rhinoplasty doctor should perform rhinoplasty according to your taste and facial shape. During the consultation, the doctor will take different pictures of your nose from different angles and refer to them during the surgery if needed.
What is the difference between rhinoplasty and nose surgery?
The difference between nose surgery and rhinoplasty is that nose surgery is a general category and is itself divided into several other groups. Septoplasty and rhinoplasty are two main groups of nose surgery.
Rhinoplasty is related to the appearance of the nose, but in septoplasty, the internal structure of the nose is changed. For example, the doctor performs septoplasty to correct the deviation of the nasal septum.
What are the possible risks of rhinoplasty?
In general, all surgical operations are associated with complications and risks such as infection, bleeding or bad reaction to anesthesia. But rhinoplasty nose surgery may have other side effects, the most important of which are mentioned in the following list:
- Breathing problems
- nose bleeding
- Nasal anesthesia
- Asymmetrical nose
- Wounds caused by surgery
To avoid complications and possible problems, avoid taking pain relievers that contain ibuprofen or aspirin for two weeks before and two weeks after rhinoplasty. These drugs slow down the blood clotting process and cause you to bleed more.
How long does it take to recover after rhinoplasty?
For most patients, it takes about 6 weeks for the nasal bones to heal after surgery. During this time, you should minimize the activities that affect the face and especially the nose.
How to sleep after rhinoplasty?
It is better to lie on your back. In this case, your nose will not be damaged, breathing will be easier, and the swelling caused by the surgery will disappear sooner.
When is the best time to remove intranasal tampons?
Tampon reduces bleeding and swelling in the first days of surgery. Doctors usually remove the tampon 2-3 days after surgery.
What is cornea transplant or keratoplasty?
Corneal transplant or keratoplasty; It is an eye surgery in which the damaged cornea is replaced with a healthy donor cornea. The donated cornea is taken from a deceased person who did not have any known or dangerous diseases. This operation is performed by an ophthalmologist under general anesthesia. There are two types of cornea transplant that only a doctor will be able to diagnose. On the other hand, there is rejection of cornea transplant in some people, the doctor checks these conditions before performing the operation and after making sure, he starts to perform the operation.
What is an artificial cornea transplant?
As the name suggests, artificial corneal transplant is not possible to accept human tissue, so artificial cornea is used in the eye. People whose corneal stem cells have been destroyed due to a lot of damage, reject the human tissue transplant, so they have to use an artificial cornea.
What conditions are required for a corneal transplant?
Usually, people who have corneal scars caused by injury or infection, scratches on the cornea, keratoconus, cloudiness and swelling of the cornea, hereditary or congenital eye diseases, and problems caused by old eye surgeries can use this method to improve vision and eye beauty.
Do Stages of cornea transplant
The first step is local anesthesia of the patient, which is done by an injection around the eye. The purpose of applying this anesthesia is that the doctor can control the blinking and eye movement of the patient. Of course, apart from this anesthesia, an anesthetic drop is used so that the patient does not feel the pain and does not notice the surgery.
After anesthesia, a device is used to keep the eyelid open, which is called a lid splint. After the doctor examines the thickness of the cornea, he replaces the donated tissue to the cloudy cornea. Stem cells from close relatives are used as a substitute Care before, during and after cornea transplant surgery Care helps speed up recovery and improve your condition day by day. Therefore, it is very important and vital to follow them so that you finally get the desired final result.
Preoperative care includes:
fasting for 6 to 8 hours before the operation, bathing the day before the operation, sharing the medication with the patient, correcting the chest for men, and maintaining calmness and composure. Caregivers after the operation will not waste the doctor’s efforts and on the other hand, you will get a better result.These include: using a shield for 2 to 3 weeks in order to take care of the eyes, how to sleep correctly, using medicines prescribed by a doctor, staying away from polluted air, avoiding heavy and stressful work, avoiding the use of makeup in women.And not straining the eyes is not forcing. Corneal transplant rejection symptoms Recognizing the symptoms of corneal retraction is very important because it can be prevented as soon as it is known.
These symptoms include decreased vision, pain, redness of the eye, and extreme sensitivity to light. Symptoms of transplant rejection can occur at any time. For some people, these symptoms appear months after the operation, and for others years later. 9 out of 10 links are on the path to success. If the transplant is not successful and the body’s immune system rejects it, it is possible to repeat it Visual changes after corneal transplantation The recovery process for each person after cornea transplant can be different. Increased healing can be present from a week after surgery to a year later. Usually, the severity of myopia and astigmatism of the patient is reduced; For this reason, some people still need glasses Recovery time after corneal transplant It is normal to see blurred vision in the days after the operation. The recovery process for patients can be a year or even longer. Until the eye gets used to the new cornea, it definitely needs time, even during this time, due to incompatibility, it may find worse conditions day by day. The best thing to do in this situation is to follow the instructions of the attending physician in order to minimize the complications of cornea transplant and speed up the healing process.
Complications of cornea transplant surgery Corneal transplant operation is one of the operations that is completely safe and often successful, but since it is considered a surgery, there is a possibility of errors and complications in it.
One of the biggest complications of this procedure is graft rejection, which only one out of 10 people suffer from. In addition, there are other side effects such as infection, bleeding, increased intraocular pressure, clouding of the eye lens, corneal swelling, and retinal detachment, which are observed in some patients. In case of any symptoms after the corneal transplant operation, we should go to the doctor!
It is very important to pay attention to acute symptoms because if it is noticed late, it can cause a lot of damage to the eyes. Patients should see a doctor in case of decreased vision compared to the previous days, severe eye pain that cannot be resolved with painkillers, increased redness, swelling and inflammation, sudden onset of pain above the eyebrows, pain and discomfort from light, and the presence of a foreign body in the eye. do
What is the Vaginoplasty?
Vaginoplasty is a surgical procedure performed on a tooth or tooth that is damaged. He is a Muslim astound, but when an individual makes an emotional feeling, he or she is close to one’s face, one has to rely on oneself in exchange for one’s desire to feel one’s feelings, one’s own feelings, one’s feelings, one’s feelings, one’s own feelings.
Practical vaginoplasty with a prosthetic perspective and restoration of the mucous membranes and mucous membranes so that they cannot change. How to make this type of surgery is very common, as you can see here:
- Vaginoplasty device and device
- Vaginal repair
- Labiaplasty procedure
- make Labia majora
- G-Spot Augmentation
Vaginoplasty (which is used to remove color in the back) is used to remove the color of the skin.
Surgical vaginoplasty is performed to remove the possibility of natural incontinence. You can find a genital tract on your chest.
If you have a gas station, please do not attack me if you do not hit it with radio frequency or laser waves.
vagioplasty is under the title of surgical intervention, whether it is possible for it to be affected, and whether it is local sensory or general pain.
How do I do plastic surgery?
A comprehensive surgical and vaginoplasty procedure that involves tightening the muscles around the extremities. In order to change the appearance and function of the instrument, you can use the back and control feature to turn it on again.
The results of this work are as usual. You will be satisfied with the results of the operation. You can see the results of this operation and stop, but the device cannot be removed without any pressure. You can see it in the area where you find the item.
Make sure to remove the plastic
Before surgery
Before surgery, it is important that the surgeon use the operating procedure to remove the toothbrush from the toothbrush and cut the toothbrush with a toothbrush.
* This should be done before undergoing a vaginoplasty or cold sore, so you can be reassured.
* If a cat is present, he will definitely have to take a shot at the decision making process.
* Before entering, make a garden with it for a period of 2 hours, use the smoke drain to avoid smoke. The smoke drain causes a recovery period and a long, long period of time.
* If you have any anxiety before starting work, take a very thin tablet like an aspirin.
* He grew up before getting into a sexual relationship.
After making plastic surgery
During the first 48 hours after surgery, watch it at ease until it is normal. During this period, you must rest. If your vagina is more painful than surgery, you must use a tampon or a sexual intercourse. What happened after the surgery and vaginoplasty you had to do?
I may have missed you for a long time. You may be able to use a tampon or sexual intercourse for a long period of time for the first time.
It has a balance that has been used for a long time, you may have used it for some reason.
What is vitrectomy?
Vitrectomy is a type of eye surgery to treat various retinal and vitreous problems. During surgery, the vitreous is removed and another solution replaces it. The vitreous is a gel-like substance that fills the middle part of the eye. The retina is a layer of nerve cells at the back of the eye. These cells convert light into nerve messages and send them to the brain. For light to reach the retina, the vitreous must be transparent. Blood inside the vitreous may block the path of light. Also, scarring in the vitreous can displace or tear the retina, all of which cause visual impairment. Vitrectomy is also performed in retinal tear cases. Removing the vitreous allows better access to the retina and reduces tension on the retina. During a vitrectomy, your surgeon (retinal specialist ophthalmologist) uses small tools to cut the vitreous and suction it. Retinal problems such as holes are then repaired. At the end of the operation, the eye may be filled with air, silicone oil or other gases to help place the retina in its proper position.
What patients are vitrectomy performed for?
You may need a vitrectomy if you have any of the following eye problems:
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinal detachment
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Intraocular infection
- Severe eye damage
A hole in the central part of the retina (macula)
- Wrinkles in the central part of the retina
- Special problems after cataract surgery
All of these medical problems can cause vision loss. If left untreated, some of them can even lead to blindness. Vitrectomy can partially or completely restore vision. Sometimes an emergency vitrectomy is needed – for example, in the case of an eye injury or intraocular infection. For example, if you have diabetic retinopathy, your eye doctor may recommend a procedure called laser PRP. If the retina is detached, laser therapy or a procedure called pneumatic retinopexy may be performed. However, if you have a complex retinal detachment, or if your eye disease has caused bleeding into the vitreous, you will most likely need a vitrectomy. Ask your eye doctor about the benefits and risks of all treatment options.
What are the complications of vitrectomy?
Like other surgeries, vitrectomy may also have complications. The risks of this surgery may depend on your age, medical conditions, and the characteristics of your eye problem. Some of the complications of this method are:
- Infection
- Excessive bleeding
- Increased intraocular pressure
- Retinal detachment or detachment caused by surgery
- Increasing the rate of cataract formation
- Eye movement problems after surgery
- Changes in refractive errors
There is also a risk that the first surgery will not successfully correct your eye problem. In this case, you may need to have surgery again. Of course, note that vitrectomy in various diseases is usually more than 90% successful and the mentioned side effects are relatively rare.
What preparations are necessary before vitrectomy?
Ask your ophthalmologist what preparations are needed before surgery. Ask if you need to stop taking any medications before the procedure. You must be fasting on the morning of the operation. Retinal examination is required before vitrectomy. An ultrasound of the eye may also be needed for a more detailed examination of the retina.
What is the process of vitrectomy surgery?
The details of the surgery may vary somewhat. A retinal surgery specialist will perform your operation. In general, the surgical procedure is as follows:
You may be awake during surgery. You will receive medicine to help you relax. In this case, your eye doctor may use numbing drops and injections to make sure you don’t feel anything.
In other cases, you may faint. In this case, you will sleep during the surgery and will not remember it.
The eye doctor makes a small incision in the sclera, the white part of your eye, and then removes the vitreous and any scar tissue or foreign material.
Other eye repairs are performed if needed, for example, a laser may be used to repair a tear in the retina. In some cases, the eye is filled with gas at the end of the procedure to hold the retina in place. The vitreous may also be replaced with another fluid such as silicone oil or serum.
If the incisions are sutured, the sutures are often absorbable.
At the end of the procedure, antibiotic ointment is placed on your eye to prevent infection and your eye is bandaged.
What points should you follow after vitrectomy?
Ask your eye doctor about what to expect after surgery. In most cases, you can go home the same day. Plan to have someone drive you home after the procedure. Be sure to follow your ophthalmologist’s instructions about eye care. You may need to take antibiotic drops to prevent infection. Your eye may be a little sore after the procedure, but you can use over-the-counter pain relievers. You may need to wear an eyepatch for a day or more. If you had a gas bubble in your eye during the vitrectomy, you will need to follow special instructions about how to rest after the operation (for example, to sleep on your face for a while). Place your palms on your stomach). To avoid complications, you should also avoid air travel for some time after the operation.